Russia’s shadow fleet emerged as a workaround when Western states imposed an oil price cap, prompting Moscow to rely on aging, poorly insured vessels to ferry crude through the Baltic towards India, China, and other markets. These "shadow" tankers that pass through European waters are yet shielded by the UN's Convention on the Law of the Sea. How can the EU defend a rules‑based maritime order when the very vessels that violate it rely on the order to evade constraint? For deeper analysis, Erin Ogunkeye welcomes Elisabeth Braw, Senior Fellow with the Atlantic Council's Transatlantic Security Initiative. She warns that these vessels don’t just transport oil, they are suspected of surveillance, launching drones, or dragging anchors to sever undersea cables.
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